Ultraviolet sun exposure and sun protection behaviors in outdoor rock climbers.

BACKGROUND: Overexposure to sunlight and sunburn are the main preventable causes of skin cancer. Outdoor sports are associated with significant levels of sunlight exposure. AIMS: We sought to quantify the sun radiation exposure received by outdoor rock climbers and assess their sun exposure habits, sun protection behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge regarding skin cancer. METHODS: From April to June 2021, outdoor rock climbers contacted via email completed an online validated self-reported questionnaire on sun related habits, behaviors, attitudes and knowledge. As a pilot trial, ten participants wore a personal dosimeter during two outdoor climbing weekends in May and November 2021. Ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 217 outdoor rock climbers (103 women), mean age 36.8 ± 8.8 years (range 20-70 years) and median climbing practice per week of 8 h (IQR 7.5) were studied. Two in three (65.9%) participants reported at least one sunburn event during the previous rock climbing season. Of the survey respondents, 49.3% reported using sunscreen with SPF ≥ 15, 47% wore sunglasses, and 14.3% indicated they reapplied sunscreen every two hours. The median personal UVR dose measured during the two outdoor climbing weekends analyzed was 5.2 (IQR 1.8) and 8.8 (IQR 1.1) standard erythemal doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of sunburn, the elevated personal UVR measured and the clearly insufficient sun protection practices followed during rock climbing together with unsatisfactory attitudes towards tanning reveal the need to develop explicit sun protection campaigns and educational strategies to reduce the risk of skin cancer among the athletes studied.

Ultraviolet exposure of competitors during a Tokyo Olympic Sailing Regatta Test Event.

BACKGROUND: Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions. METHODS: Solar daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation cycle, personal UV dosimetry, photoprotection practices and sunburn checking were followed during three consecutive days of competition among sailors from the Spanish Olympic Sailing Team during a Tokyo Olympic Regatta Test Event. RESULTS: A total of 13 sailors (7 women), with mean age of 27.6 ± 4.7 years and sports experience of 17.7 ± 5.4 years, were studied. The most common phototypes were type III (53.8%) and type II (38.5%). The rate of sunburn checked was high (46.2%). The mean daily personal UV exposure received was 761.0 ± 263.6 J/m2 , 3.0 ± 1.1 minimal erythemal dose and 7.6 ± 2.6 standard erythemal dose, seven times greater than the maximum permissible UV light exposure values for an 8 h working day. The use of a T-shirt was the most common practice (94.2%), followed by the use of shade (50.2%), hat/cap (44.0%), sunglasses (26.1%) and sunscreen (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Olympic sailor's studies presented high levels of UV radiation received, high rate of sunburn and insufficient adherence to sun-protective behaviours (especially, to use of sunscreen) to prevent sunburn, the main cause of skin cancer. Sport Federations should develop educational campaigns addressing sun-related exposure habits and photoprotection behaviours to reduce the risk of skin cancer among these athletes.

Conclusiones de las XI Jornadas del Grupo Avilés sobre Medicina del Deporte 3 y 4 de Octubre de 2022 (Barcelona) / Conclusões da XI Conferência do Grupo Aviles de Medicina Esportiva, 3 e 4 de outubro de 2022 (Barcelona) / Conclusions of the XI Conference of the Aviles Group on Sports Medicine, October 3 and 4, 2022 (Barcelona)

El Grupo de Trabajo Avilés fue impulsado por el Consejo Superior de Deportes en 2009 y está formado por representantes de los Centros de Medicina dela Educación Física y el Deporte de todas las comunidades autónomas que cuentan con estas infraestructuras y representantes de centros de medicinadel deporte de centros de tecnificación, centros municipales de medicina del deporte y la Agencia Española de Protección de la Salud en el Deporte. Comoobjetivos de este grupo de trabajo figuran la coordinación entre estas estructuras autonómicas de la medicina del deporte, el planteamiento de solucionescomunes a las diferentes problemáticas que sufren cada uno de los centros y el ser un grupo de asesoramiento, en los diferentes ámbitos de la medicinade la educación física y el deporte, para el Consejo Superior de Deportes.Este grupo de trabajo se reúne periódicamente; en su última reunión, celebrada en Barcelona el 3 y 4 de octubre de 2022, se acordaron una serie deconclusiones, en relación a la muerte súbita y las arritmias en el deporte, el SARS Cov-2, la prevención, la salud mental, la diversidad sexual y laespecialidad MIR.(AU)

The Avilés Working Group was promoted by the National Sports Council in 2009 and is made up of representatives of Physical Education and SportsMedicine Centers of all the autonomous communities that have these infrastructures, Sports Technification Centers, municipal Sports Medicine Centersand the Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport. The objectives of this working group include the coordination between these autonomousstructures of Sports Medicine, the proposal of common solutions to the different problems suffered by each of the centers and to be an advisory group inthe different areas of the Physical Education and Sports Medicine, for the National Sports Council.This working group meets periodically; at its last online meeting, held in Barcelona on October 3-4, 2022, a series of conclusions were agreed in relationto sudden death and arrytmias in sport, SARS Cov-2, prevention, mental health, sexual diversity and the MIR specialty.(AU)

O grupo de Trabalho Avilés foi incentivado pelo Conselho Superior de Esportes em 2009. É composto por representantes dos Centros de Medicina daEducação Física e Esporte de todas as comunidades autônomas que contam com estas infraestruturas, bem como representantes dos centros de medicinado esporte de centros técnicos, centros municipais de medicina do esporte e da Agencia Espanhola de Proteção da saúde no Esporte. Como objetivos detrabalho desde grupo, figuram a coordenação entre estas estruturas autonômicas da medicina do esporte, a criação de soluções comuns as diferentesproblemáticas que sofrem cada um dos centros, além de ser um grupo de assessoramento, nos diferentes âmbitos da medicina da educação física e doesporte, para o Conselho Superior de Esportes.Este grupo de trabalho se reúne periodicamente; Em sua última reunião, realizada em Barcelona de 3 e 4 de outubro de 2022, foi acordada uma série deconclusões em relação à morte súbita e arritmias no esporte, SARS Cov-2, prevenção, saúde mental, diversidade sexual e especialidade MIR.(AU)

Sun Exposure and Photoprotection: Habits, Knowledge and Attitudes Among Elite Kitesurfers.

Kitesurfing is one of many water sports that are growing in popularity throughout the world. In such sports, practitioners are exposed not only to direct sunlight but also to reflection from the water surface, which aggravates the impact of solar radiation on the skin. This study sought to analyse the photoprotection and photoexposure habits and knowledge of elite kitesurfers and their beliefs and attitudes in this respect. A sample of convenience of 72 male kitesurfers completed a validated questionnaire in full. By Fitzpatrick phototype, the most common classes were types I and II (69.4%). On average, kitesurfers had been practising their sport for 10.93 years, at a rate of 13.93 h per week. During the last sports season, 84.7% of respondents had suffered at least one sunburn, while 43.1% had been sunburned at least three times. The sun protection practice most commonly adopted was the use of sunscreen cream, which was used by 79.2% of respondents. Although 43.2% of respondents recognized to be worried about they might get skin cancer from the sun, 31.9% does not like using sunscreen and 44.4% like sunbathing. Regarding the respondents' knowledge of facts about sun exposure, the average rate of correct answers for the items evaluated was 66.9%. In conclusion, elite kitesurfers are potentially exposed to dangerous levels of UV radiation, which caused numerous sunburn episodes during the last sports season. It is necessary to raise these athletes' awareness of their risk of developing skin cancer and of the need to improve their sun protection and skin surveillance practices.

Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device in COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are characterised for presenting dyspnea, which reduces their physical capacity and tolerance to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of adding a Feel-Breathe (FB) device for inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Twenty patients were randomised into three groups: breathing with FB (FBG), oronasal breathing without FB (ONBG) and control group (CG). FBG and ONBG carried out the same training programme with resistance, strength and respiratory exercises for 8 weeks. CG did not perform any pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Regarding intra group differences in the value obtained in the post-training test at the time when the maximum value in the pre-training test was obtained (PostPRE), FBG obtained lower values in oxygen consumption (VO2, mean = -435.6 mL/min, Bayes Factor (BF10) > 100), minute ventilation (VE, -8.5 L/min, BF10 = 25), respiratory rate (RR, -3.3 breaths/min, BF10 = 2), heart rate (HR, -13.7 beats/min, BF10 > 100) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2, -183.0 L/min, BF10 = 50), and a greater value in expiratory time (Tex, 0.22 s, BF10 = 12.5). At the maximum value recorded in the post-training test (PostFINAL), FBG showed higher values in the total time of the test (Tt, 4.3 min, BF10 = 50) and respiratory exchange rate (RER, 0.05, BF10 = 1.3). Regarding inter group differences at PrePOST, FBG obtained a greater negative increment than ONBG in the ventilatory equivalent of CO2 (EqCO2, -3.8 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and compared to CG in VE (-8.3 L/min, BF10 = 3.6), VCO2 (-215.9 L/min, BF10 = 3.0), EqCO2 (-3.7 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and HR (-12.9 beats/min, BF10 = 3.4). FBG also showed a greater PrePOST positive increment in Tex (0.21 s, BF10 = 1.4) with respect to CG. At PreFINAL, FBG presented a greater positive increment compared to CG in Tt (4.4 min, BF10 = 3.2) and negative in VE/VCO2 intercept (-4.7, BF10 = 1.1). The use of FB added to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients could improve tolerance in the incremental exercise test and energy efficiency. However, there is only a statically significant difference between FBG and ONBG in EqCO2. Therefore, more studies are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion about including FB in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme.

Chronic Effects of a Training Program Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Elite Cyclists.

This study compared the response of a 9-week cycling training on ventilatory efficiency under two conditions: (i) Combined with respiratory muscle training (RMT) using a new nasal restriction device (FeelBreathe) (FB group) and (ii) without RMT (Control group). Eighteen healthy elite cyclists were randomly separated into the FB group (n = 10) or Control group (n = 8). Gas exchange was measured breath by breath to measure ventilatory efficiency during an incremental test on a cycloergometer before (Pre) and after (Post) the nine weeks of training. The FB group showed higher peak power (Δ (95%HDI) (0.82 W/kg (0.49, 1.17)), VO2max (5.27 mL/kg/min (0.69, 10.83)) and VT1 (29.3 W (1.8, 56.7)) compared to Control at PostFINAL. The FB group showed lower values from Pre to PostPRE in minute ventilation (VE) (-21.0 L/min (-29.7, -11.5)), Breathing frequency (BF) (-5.1 breaths/min (-9.4, -0.9)), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (-0.5 L/min (-0.7, -0.2)), respiratory equivalents for oxygen (EqO2) (-0.8 L/min (-2.4, 0.8)), heart rate (HR) (-5.9 beats/min (-9.2, -2.5)),, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (-0.1 (-0.1, -0.0) and a higher value in inspiratory time (Tin) (0.05 s (0.00, 0.10)), expiratory time (Tex) (0.11 s (0.05, 0.17)) and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) (0.3 mmHg (0.1, 0.6)). In conclusion, RMT using FB seems to be a new and easy alternative ergogenic tool which can be used at the same time as day-to-day training for performance enhancement.

A New Nasal Restriction Device Called FeelBreathe® Improves Breathing Patterns in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during Exercise.

A device called FeelBreathe (FB)® was designed, developed, and patented for inspiratory muscle training. The main aim was to determine the acute responses on lung ventilation, gas exchange, and heart rate during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with and without the use of FB. In this study, a randomized cross-over trial was performed with 18 men diagnosed with COPD (FEV1 between 30% and 70% of its predicted value). Each participant randomly conducted two trials with 30 min of rest between them with the same protocol on a treadmill for 10 min at a constant rate of 50% of VO2peak. Each test was performed randomly and in a crossover randomized design in two different conditions: (1) oronasal breathing; and (2) nasal breathing with FB (nasal ventilatory flow restriction device). It was observed that FB had positive effects on dynamic hyperinflation, breathing pattern, and breathing efficiency, with higher expiratory and inspiratory time. Despite these differences, blood oxygen saturation percentage, oxygen uptake, and heart rate showed a similar response for both conditions during exercise. The results suggest that exercise performed with FB improved ventilatory responses compared to the oronasal mode in COPD patients. This new tool could be used during most daily tasks and exercise programs.

Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme with a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in COPD.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effects of a nasal restriction device for inspiratory muscle training, called Feelbreathe®, added to a rehabilitation program (RP) on exercise capacity, quality of life, dyspnea and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with stable COPD. METHODS: Patients were randomized into three groups, one performed a supervised RP using the Feelbreathe® device (FB group), the second group developed the same RP with oronasal breathing without FB (ONB group) and the third was the control group (CG). We evaluated inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), dyspnea (mMRC), quality of life (CAT) and exercise capacity (6MWT) before and after 8-week of RP. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients completed the study, seven in FB group, five in ONB group and four in the CG. After the RP, the FB group showed a significant increase in PImax (93.3 ± 19.1 vs. 123.0 ± 15.8 mmHg) and in the 6MWT distance (462.9 ± 71.8m vs. 529.1 ± 50.1 m) and a decrease in the CAT score (9.7 ± 6.5 vs. 5.9 ± 6.0) and in the mMRC dyspnea score. FB provides greater improvement in PImax, dyspnea, quality of life and 6MWT than ONB. CONCLUSIONS: The Feelbreathe® device provides greater improvements in quality of life, dyspnea, exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle strength compared to patients that did not use it.

A Medical Support in Offshore Racing - Workshop on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races, Telemedical Advice Service (TMAS), 1-2 December 2018, London, United Kingdom.

The safety and health of sailors offshore is of major concern. World Sailing (WS) and International Maritime Health Association (IMHA) are taking seriously the potential dangers to the safety and health at sea. By the nature of their sport, the sailors racing in offshore racing environment can be exposed to injuries and other health problems that can endanger their lives. Being aware of the potential dangers caused by the distance from onshore health facilities and lack of professional help on board, IMHA and WS decided to support the activities that are leading to the enhancement of safety and health protection on board. With common initiative, joint Workgroup on Medical Support in Offshore Racing has been formed and the series of workshop organised. The WS/IMHA Workgroup on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races previously reached consensus on the common competences and learning outcomes for medical training for offshore racing. In addition, the Workgroup has also set standards for required medical kit inventory for yachts par- ticipating in the various categories of offshore yacht races. Documents were both approved by WS Medical Commission and the IMHA Board. Fourth workshop on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races was held in London, United Kingdom, 1-2 December 2018 and workgroup reached consensus on the standards for availability of Telemedical Advice Services (TMAS) for the various categories of offshore yacht races held under the authority of WS. This position paper sets out how the TMAS should be integrated with the practical usage of medicines and medical equipment on board offshore racing yachts. In addition, this position paper also sets out how the level of medical training integrates with appropriate use of the TMAS. Overall, the three WS/IMHA position papers on the triad of medical inventories, medical training and TMAS, are aimed at providing the best possible medical care on offshore racing yachts, by fully integrating each part of the triad of medical support.

Injury and illness surveillance at the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The Sailing World Championships 2014 was contested by 1167 sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. Our objective was to characterise sailing-related injuries and illnesses in sailors participating in this regatta. METHODS: We conducted 2 surveys: (1) prior to the World Championships, sailors answered a 12-month recall questionnaire on sailing-related injuries and illnesses and (2) during the Championships, injuries and illnesses were documented. RESULTS: There were 760 respondents (65% of all participants) for the 12-month recall questionnaire (58% male, 42% female), of whom 244 participants reported 299 injuries (0.59 injuries per 1000 h of sailing). Injuries were most prevalent in the 49erFX (64%), RS:X Women (39%), 49er (37%) and Nacra 17 (36%). Lower back (29% of sailors), knee (13%), shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%) injuries were most prevalent; most (58% of all injuries) were overuse injuries; and 56% of sailors lost sailing time. Most illnesses (40%) were infections, primarily of the respiratory system (43%). During the Championships, there were 67 injuries (4 per 1000 days of sailing). The 49er (24% of all injuries), 470 Men and Women (24%), and 49erFX (19%) had the highest incidence. Injuries to the hand/fingers (22% of all injuries), back (18%), and foot (12%) were most common, as were contusions (37% of all injuries), cuts/lacerations (24%), and sprains (9%). Of the 29 illnesses (2 per 1000 days of sailing), 9 (31%) were gastrointestinal and 6 (21%) respiratory, while 2 (7%) were gout attacks. CONCLUSIONS: The Olympic classes introduced since 2000 (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17) have resulted in a rise in injuries.

[Not Available].

Introducción y objetivos: un dispositivo llamado FeelBreathe ® (FB) se ha diseñado, desarrollado y patentado para el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (IMT). Para examinar los efectos de FB en la ventilación pulmonar y el intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio, se tomaron medidas de 27 voluntarios varones sanos entrenados (edad: 32,5 ± 7,2 años). Métodos: al inicio del estudio se midieron tanto la presión inspiratoria máxima estática (PIM) y la capacidad pulmonar mediante espirometría. Seguidamente, se realizó un test incremental en cicloergómetro para determinar el VO 2 pico. Cada sujeto, tres días más tarde, realizó aleatoriamente tres pruebas idénticas submáximas en cicloergómetro a una intensidad comprendida al 50% entre los umbrales ventilatorios bajo tres condiciones de respiración diferentes: a) respiración oronasal (ONB), b) respiración nasal (NB) y c) la respiración nasal a través del FB. Resultados: la prueba con FB mostró una ventilación minuto (VE) y una frecuencia respiratoria (BF) inferior que en las pruebas de NB, la cual a su vez tenía menor BF, pero similar VE que ONB (p < 0,001). A pesar de esto, FB obtuvo valores similares de VO 2 , cociente respiratorio (RER), frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y saturación de oxígeno capilar periférica (SpO2) en comparación con NB y ONB. Esto último puede ocurrir debido en parte al aumento del volumen tidal (VT) y el tiempo de expiración (Tex) en FB hasta el mismo nivel que en la prueba de NB, los cuales fueron un 15% y 14% en ambas pruebas, respectivamente, superiores a ONB (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de tiempo de inspiración (Ti/Tot) fue 7% mayor en la prueba de FB en comparación con NB y ONB (p < 0,001). Solamente en la prueba de FB se encontró un aumento de la presión final de la espiración de CO 2 (P ET CO 2 ) y la reducción de la presión final de la espiración de O 2 (P ET O 2 ) y la fracción de expiración de O 2 (FEO 2 ). Conclusiones: FeelBreathe es un nuevo dispositivo de restricción nasal que estimula los músculos inspiratorios para producir un patrón de respiración más eficiente durante el ejercicio en los seres humanos bien entrenados.

Effects of a nasal ventilator restriction device on lung ventilation and gas exchange during exercise in healthy subjects / Efectos de un dispositivo de restricción ventilatoria nasal sobre la ventilación pulmonar e intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio en personas sanas

Introduction and objectives: A device called FeelBreathe® (FB) has been designed, developed and patented for inspiratory muscle training (IMT). In order to examine the effects of FB on lung ventilation and gas exchange during exercise, 27 trained male healthy volunteers (age: 32.5 ± 7.2 years) were measured. Methods: Maximum static inspiratory pressure (PImax) and spirometry to determine lung capacity were measured at baseline. We continued with an incremental cycloergometer to determine the VO2 peak. Three days later, each subject performed randomly three identical submaximal cycloergometer tests at 50% between ventilatory thresholds under three different breathing conditions: a) oronasal breathing (ONB), b) nasal breathing (NB) and c) nasal breathing through the FB. Results: FB trial showed lower minute ventilation (VE) and breathing frequency (BF) than NB, which had lower BF, but similar VE than ONB (p < 0.001). The percentage of inspiration time (Ti/Tot) was 7% greater in FB compared to NB and ONB (p < 0.001). Increased end-tidal pressure of CO2 (PETCO2 ) and reduced end-tidal pressure of O2 (PETO2 ) and fraction of O2 expiration (FEO2 ) were found only in FB. Conclusions: FeelBreathe is a new nasal restriction device that stimulates the inspiratory muscles to produce a breathing pattern more efficiency during exercise in well-trained humans (AU)

Introducción y objetivos: un dispositivo llamado FeelBreathe® (FB) se ha diseñado, desarrollado y patentado para el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (IMT). Para examinar los efectos de FB en la ventilación pulmonar y el intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio, se tomaron medidas de 27 voluntarios varones sanos entrenados (edad: 32,5 ± 7,2 años). Métodos: al inicio del estudio se midieron tanto la presión inspiratoria máxima estática (PIM) y la capacidad pulmonar mediante espirometría. Seguidamente, se realizó un test incremental en cicloergómetro para determinar el VO2 pico. Cada sujeto, tres días más tarde, realizó aleatoriamente tres pruebas idénticas submáximas en cicloergómetro a una intensidad comprendida al 50% entre los umbrales ventilatorios bajo tres condiciones de respiración diferentes: a) respiración oronasal (ONB), b) respiración nasal (NB) y c) la respiración nasal a través del FB. Resultados: la prueba con FB mostró una ventilación minuto (VE) y una frecuencia respiratoria (BF) inferior que en las pruebas de NB, la cual a su vez tenía menor BF, pero similar VE que ONB (p < 0,001). A pesar de esto, FB obtuvo valores similares de VO2 , cociente respiratorio (RER), frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y saturación de oxígeno capilar periférica (SpO2) en comparación con NB y ONB. Esto último puede ocurrir debido en parte al aumento del volumen tidal (VT) y el tiempo de expiración (Tex) en FB hasta el mismo nivel que en la prueba de NB, los cuales fueron un 15% y 14% en ambas pruebas, respectivamente, superiores a ONB (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de tiempo de inspiración (Ti/Tot) fue 7% mayor en la prueba de FB en comparación con NB y ONB (p < 0,001). Solamente en la prueba de FB se encontró un aumento de la presión final de la espiración de CO2 (PETCO2 ) y la reducción de la presión final de la espiración de O2 (PETO2 ) y la fracción de expiración de O2 (FEO2 ). Conclusiones: FeelBreathe es un nuevo dispositivo de restricción nasal que estimula los músculos inspiratorios para producir un patrón de respiración más eficiente durante el ejercicio en los seres humanos bien entrenados (AU)

Evaluación de la adaptación a un entrenamiento de alta intensidad con diferentes estrategias de intervención en ciclistas / Assessment of adapting to high intensity training by cyclists using different strategies

El entrenamiento regenerativo está siendo de gran interés tanto para entrenadores como para atletas, ya que puede evitar situaciones de sobrecarga o sobreentrenamiento y mejorar el rendimiento. Así, el objetivo de este estudio preliminar fue evaluar la adaptación de un mismo protocolo de entrenamiento de alta intensidad unido a diferentes estrategias de recuperación sobre variables bioquímicas y de rendimiento en ciclistas amateurs. Quince ciclistas hombres con una edad media de 36,18±5,30 años fueron asignados de forma dirigida a tres diferentes grupos: regenerativo-plus (RP, n=6): entrenamiento interválico intensivo (EII) combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad (50% VO2max) más la suplementación de antioxidantes; regenerativo (R, n=5): EII combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad al 50% VO2max; control (C, n=4): descanso. Realizaron un EII combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad durante 20 días. Antes y después de la aplicación del protocolo se midieron parámetros bioquímicos (bicarbonato [HCO3], lactato [La], pH y presión parcial del dióxido de carbono [PCO2]) y parámetros de rendimiento (potencia máxima [Pmax], resistencia aeróbica [RA] y consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2max]). Se observó un aumento significativo en la potencia máxima aplicada, sin diferencias en las diversas situaciones estudiadas. En cuanto a la resistencia aeróbica y VO2max, no se observaron mejoras significativas en ninguno de los grupos. Respecto al estado metabólico, solo se observó una menor concentración de lactato (no significativa) tras la aplicación del protocolo en el grupo RP. Los resultados sugieren que este protocolo unido o no a la suplementación de antioxidantes podría ser una estrategia adecuada para asimilar determinadas cargas de entrenamiento(AU)

Regenerative training is very important for trainers and athletes as it could avoid problems of overreaching or overtraining, as well as improve performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high intensity training protocol combined with recovery sessions on biochemical and performance parameters in amateur cyclists. A total of 15 male cyclists with a mean age of 36.18±5.30 years were assigned to one of three groups: regenerative-plus (RP): high intensity training (EII) with low intensity training (50% VO2max) and antioxidant supplements; regenerative (R): EII with low intensity training to 50% VO2max; control (C): rest. They performed an EII combined with low intensity recovery sessions for 20 days. Several biochemical parameters (bicarbonate [HCO3], lactate [La], pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PCO2]) and performance parameters (maximum power [Pmax], aerobic capacity [RA] and maximum uptake oxygen [VO2max]) were measured before and after applying the protocol. Significant increases were observed in the maximum power with no differences between the different situations. No significant changes were seen in the endurance or VO2max in either group. As regards metabolic state, a lower lactate concentration (not significant) was observed after application of protocol in group RP. It may be concluded that this protocol with or without antioxidant supplements could be an option to assimilate particular training loads(AU)